资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
【十年经略】中国经济如何实现“高质量发展”?******
中新网北京9月30日电题:中国经济如何实现“高质量发展”?
记者 石睿 宋宇晟
“不能不顾客观条件、违背规律盲目追求高速度。”2012年12月15日,在中央经济工作会议上,习近平总书记如是强调。
加满油、把稳舵、鼓足劲,付出异乎寻常的努力,推动新时代中国经济由高速增长转向高质量发展。这十年,“从量的扩张转向质的提升,从‘有没有’转向‘好不好’”,成为中国经济发展的鲜明特征。
高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段
改革开放以来,中国创造了第二次世界大战结束后一个国家经济高速增长持续时间最长的奇迹,从一穷二白发展成世界第二大经济体,从落后的农业国发展为制造业大国。
不过,随着经济总量不断增大,中国在发展中遇到了一系列新情况新问题。
时针拨回2012年,中国经济增速自新世纪以来首次滑落至8%以下,多年来经济高速增长的背后,隐忧显现:一些地方和部门存在片面追求速度规模、发展方式粗放等问题,加上国际金融危机后世界经济持续低迷影响,经济结构性体制性矛盾不断积累,发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题突出。
“经济发展面临速度换挡节点,如同一个人,10岁至18岁期间个子猛长,18岁之后长个子的速度就慢下来了。”
“速度再快一点,非不能也,而不为也。”通过转变经济发展方式实现持续发展、更高水平发展,是中等收入国家跨越中等收入陷阱必经的阶段。
中国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,这是中共中央在十九大报告中对新时代中国经济发展做出的重大判断。
“这是一个凤凰涅槃的过程。如果现在不抓紧,将来解决起来难度会更高、代价会更大、后果会更重。我们必须咬紧牙关,爬过这个坡,迈过这道坎。”习近平指出了新时代中国经济转变发展方式的重要性和必要性。
以新发展理念引领高质量发展
习近平总书记强调,推动高质量发展是做好经济工作的根本要求。高质量发展就是体现新发展理念的发展,是经济发展从“有没有”转向“好不好”。
不能简单以生产总值增长率论英雄,必须实现创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的的高质量发展。
这十年,创新驱动发展战略深入实施,科技创新为高质量发展提供源头供给。人工智能、大数据、区块链、量子通信等新兴技术加快应用,培育了智能终端、远程医疗、在线教育等新产品、新业态。太阳能光伏、风电、新型显示、半导体照明、先进储能等产业规模居世界前列。
这十年,中国经济发展的平衡性、协调性、可持续性增强。城乡居民人均可支配收入之比由2012年的2.88缩小至2021年的2.50,人均消费支出之比由2.57缩小至1.90。京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大地区,以及一些重要城市群,正在成为带动全国高质量发展的新动力源。
这十年,“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念深入人心。2012年以来,中国以年均3%的能源消费增速支撑了年均6.6%的经济增长,能耗强度累计下降了26.4%,相当于少用了14亿吨标准煤。
这十年,中国的对外开放广度和深度得到了全面拓展。商品出口占国际市场的份额由11%上升到15%,货物贸易第一大国的地位得到了增强;利用外资的规模不断扩大;对外签署的自由贸易协定数由10个增加到了19个;建设了21个自贸试验区和海南自由贸易港,打造了一系列对外开放的新高地、试验田,形成了全方位、高水平对外开放的新格局。
这十年,改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。2021年,中国宣告脱贫攻坚战取得了全面胜利,完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务;全国居民人均可支配收入35128元,比2012年增加18618元;全国居民恩格尔系数为29.8%,比2012年下降3.2个百分点。
不论“创新驱动”,还是“生态优先”……都已成为十年来中国高质量发展的众多维度之一,中国正在推动高质量发展上闯出新路子,迈向新征程。(完)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)